Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinonyanya kutaura nezvezvinhu zvisingaite, izvo zvikamu zveRCL ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosha, zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa uye maapplication.Zvikamu zvemagetsi zvepasi rose zvakapfuura nematanho matatu ebudiriro, China ine yechitatu semiconductor indasitiri cheni kuchinjisa uye nerutsigiro rwemitemo yenyika, yave kuda kupinda munhanho yekukurumidza yekusimudzira yekutsiva mudzimba, uye pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi, indasitiri yezvikamu zvemagetsi kubva yakaderera-kumagumo kune yepakati uye yepamusoro-yekupedzisira shanduko, inopa yakawanda mitsva mikana yebudiriro.
1 yemagetsi zvikamu chii
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa izvo zvisingashandure kuumbwa kwema molecular panguva yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa, senge resistors, capacitors, inductors, nezvimwewo. passive zvishandiso, uye nekuti haigone kunakidzwa kune yemagetsi masaini amplification, oscillation, nezvimwewo, mhinduro kune yemagetsi chiratidzo inofamba uye inozviisa pasi, inozivikanwawo sekuti passive components.
Electronic zvikamu zvinonyanya kukamurwa kuita redunhu kirasi zvikamu uye kubatana kirasi zvikamu, redunhu kirasi zvikamu zvinonyanya RCL components, RCL components are resistors, capacitors uye inductors matatu marudzi, uye transformers, relays, nezvimwewo;yekubatanidza kirasi zvikamu zvine maviri madiki, chimwe chezvakabatana zvemuviri zvikamu, zvinosanganisira zvinongedzo, zvigadziko, akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi (PCB), nezvimwe, uye imwe yacho yepasirese RF zvishandiso, zvinosanganisira mafirita, couplers Imwe yacho passive RF zvishandiso, zvinosanganisira mafirita. , couplers, resonators, nezvimwewo.
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinozivikanwa se "mupunga weindasitiri yemagetsi", iyo kukosha kwekubuda kwezvikamu zveRCL kwakaverengera 89% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekubuda kwezvinhu zvemagetsi, capacitors, inductors, resistors zvinotora huwandu hukuru hwekubuda kukosha kwezvinhu zvemagetsi. .
Pakati pese, zvinhu zvemagetsi sechinhu chakakosha chemagetsi, neiyo yakadzika dhizaini dhizaini kuita zvishoma nezvishoma, vhoriyamu yakaderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, ichiratidza maitiro ekusimudzira miniaturization, kusanganisa, kuita kwepamusoro, chip zvikamu zvave zvakanyanya zveRCL zvikamu. mutyairi mukuru wekusimudzira indasitiri.
2 Mamiriro emusika
1, indasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi mune inokwira kutenderera
Kutanga muhafu yechipiri ya2020, nedenda idzva rekorona rapora, yakadzika 5G, mota dzemagetsi uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzekudiwa kwekuwedzera, kupihwa kwechigadzirwa, indasitiri yakavhura kutenderera kutsva kwekuwedzera kutenderera.2026 zvemagetsi zvikamu zvemusika saizi inotarisirwa kuita madhora 39.6 bhiriyoni, 2019-2026 musanganiswa wekukura mwero we5.24%.Pakati pavo, kuvandudzwa kwe5G, mafoni akachenjera, motokari dzakangwara, nezvimwewo, inova injini huru yekusimudzira kutenderera kutsva kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi.
Chiyero chekufambisa kwe5G tekinoroji ichave 1-2 mirairo yehukuru yakakwira kupfuura 4G, uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutapurirana kuchatyaira huwandu hwemafirita, magetsi amplifiers uye mamwe maRF emberi-yekupedzisira michina, uye kudhonza kushandiswa kwemainductors, capacitors uye. zvimwe zvine chekuita nemagetsi zvikamu.
Mamiriro ekushandisa e-Smartphone anoramba achipfumisa, kutsvaga kwekupedzisira mukushanda nekuita, kusimudzira chip, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kubatanidzwa, zvikamu zvemagetsi kune miniaturization yebudiriro panguva imwe chete, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi zvefoni imwe chete. nokukurumidza kuwedzera.
Smart mota simba rekudzora system, infotainment system, kuchengetedza kudzora sisitimu uye muviri wemagetsi sisitimu yekuvandudza ruzivo rwekutyaira kweaya anobatsira masisitimu anoramba achiwedzera, kusimudzira mwero wemagetsi emotokari unoramba uchikwira.Zvinotarisirwa kuti huwandu hweavhareji hwezvikamu zvemotokari zvemagetsi zvichapfuura zviuru zvishanu, zvichiverengera kupfuura makumi mana muzana ehuwandu hwekubuda kwemota yese.
2, mainland China kuti ikurumidze kutora musika
Kubva mukugovewa kwedunhu, muna 2019, mainland China neAsia pamwe chete zvinotora makumi matanhatu nenhatu muzana epasi rose emagetsi zvikamu zvemusika.Capacitor munda Japan, Korea uye Taiwan oligopoly, kuramba munda China Taiwan Guoguang inotonga chinzvimbo, inductor munda kune vagadziri veJapan sevanotungamira.
Pictures
Nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi evatengi, matekinoroji matsva uye mashandisirwo e5G akasanganiswa kuti awedzere kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi, vagadziri vemagetsi eJapan neKorea vatanga kugadzirisa hurongwa hwavo, huwandu hwekugadzira zvishoma nezvishoma hwakachinjika kumagetsi emotokari, kirasi yemaindasitiri miniaturization yemhando yepamusoro-. huwandu, zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-geji uye zvikamu zveRF.
Japan neSouth Korea zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi fekitori inosimudzira chigadzirwa chimiro panguva imwe chete zvishoma nezvishoma inosiya yepakati uye yakaderera-yekupedzisira musika, zvichikonzera kupa uye kudiwa gaka pakati nepakati-kumagumo, kumikana yekusimudzira yemabhizimusi emagetsi emagetsi, Mumba makabuda akati wandei emhando yepamusoro makambani, akadai seatatu mhete boka (ceramic capacitors), Faraday Electronics (firimu capacitors), Shun Lo Electronics (inductors), Aihua Group (aluminium electrolytic capacitors), nezvimwewo.
Nekubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwevagadziri veJapan neKorea kubva pamusika wakaderera, mabhizinesi epamba akatanga kumhanyisa chikamu chemusika, vagadziri vepamba vakaita seFenghua, mhete nhatu, Yuyang, nezvimwewo vakaisa mapurojekiti matsva ekugadzira, makore matatu anotevera. yekuwedzera kwesimba kuwedzera kukuru, inotarisirwa kusimudzira chikamu chemusika.
3 nzvimbo dzinopisa
1, Chip multilayer zvedongo capacitor indasitiri
Sekureva kweChina Electronic Components Industry Association data, iyo yepasi rose ceramic capacitor musika saizi yakakura 3.82% gore-pa-gore kusvika 77.5 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2019, ichiverengera kusvika 52% yemusika wepasi rose capacitor;China's ceramic capacitor musika saizi yakakura 6.2% pamusoro pe2018 kusvika 57.8 bhiriyoni yuan, accounting inosvika 54% yemusika wepamba capacitor;zvakazara, ese epasirese uye epamba ceramic capacitor musika mugove uri kuratidza kudzikama kukwira.
MLCC ine mabhenefiti ehukuru hudiki, yakakwirira chaiyo capacitance, uye yakakwirira chaiyo, uye inogona kunamirwa pamusoro pePCBs, hybrid IC substrates, nezvimwewo, iyo inopindura maitiro e miniaturization uye kureruka kurema kwevatengi zvemagetsi.Mumakore achangopfuura, mafoni akangwara, mota nyowani dzesimba, kutonga kwemaindasitiri, kutaurirana kwe5G uye mamwe maindasitiri ari kusimukira nekukurumidza, izvo zvinounza yakakura kukura nzvimbo yeMLCC indasitiri.Zvinotarisirwa kuti hukuru hwemusika weMLCC huchakura kusvika pa108.3 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2023;China MLCC musika saizi ichakura kusvika 53.3 bhiriyoni yuan, ine musanganiswa wepagore wekukura kwakakwira kupfuura mwero wepasi rose wekukura kwegore.
Iyo yepasi rose MCLL indasitiri ine yakakwira dhigirii yemusika uye yakagadzira yakagadzikana oligopoly pateni.Mabhizinesi eJapan ane mukana wakasimba mune yekutanga echelon yepasirese, South Korea, United States, China neTaiwan mabhizinesi mune yese yechipiri echelon, iyo Chinese mainland mabhizinesi tekinoroji uye chiyero chechiyero chiri kumashure mune yechitatu echelon.2020 yepasi rose MLCC musika wepamusoro mabhizinesi mana Murata, Samsung electromechanical, Kokusai, simba rezuva, chikamu chemusika che32%, 19%, 12%, 10% zvakateerana.
Makambani anotungamira epamba anogara pamusika wezvigadzirwa zvakaderera uye zvepakati.Kune vangangosvika makumi matatu vagadziri vakuru veMLCC muChina, vane mabhizinesi emuno anomiririrwa neFenghua Hi-Tech, Sanhuan Group, Yuyang Technology uye Micro Capacitor Electronics, ayo anonyanya kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepakati nehombe zvine kukosha kwakaderera uye zvishoma zvehunyanzvi zvemukati.
2, Firimu capacitor indasitiri
Nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yesimba idzva reChina, uye nekumashure kwezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kubuda, iyo firimu capacitor indasitiri yakawedzera kubva 2010 kusvika 2015, uye chiyero chekukura chakaita kugadzikana mushure me2015, ichiramba ichikura paavhareji pagore. mwero we6%, nehukuru hwemusika hunosvika 9.04 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2019, huchiverengera 60% yehuwandu hwemusika wepasi rose kubuda, chinzvimbo chekutanga pasirese.
Nekuitwa kwemaitiro enyika akadai se "carbon neutrality", musika mutsva weChina wesimba unowedzera kuwedzera uye kuunza kusimba kwekukura kwakasimba kumusika wemufirimu capacitor.Musika wemufirimu capacitor wemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi unofungidzirwa kukura paCAGR ye6.1% kubva 2020 kusvika 2025, uye ichasvika madhora mazana maviri nemakumi maviri emadhora muna 2.2, zvichiita kuti ive yakanyanya kukosha musika wevatengi wemafirimu capacitors.
Musika wepasi rose firimu capacitor indasitiri wakatarisana zvakanyanya, nemabhenefiti ari pachena emabhizinesi emusoro.Mabhureki epamusoro uye ekutanga emhando dzemafirimu capacitor anodzorwa nemabhizinesi kubva kuJapan, Germany, Italy, United States nedzimwe nyika, uye mabhizinesi epamba akadai seFarad Electronics neCopper Peak Electronics anoiswa semhando yechipiri neyechitatu-mutsara. .Muna 2019 iyo yepasirese bhaisikopo capacitor musika share, Panasonic inotora inopfuura hafu yemusika, uye bhizinesi rimwe chete muChina, Farrar Electronics, riri kumberi, richitora 8% yemugove wemusika.
3, Chip resistor indasitiri
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidza kusimudzira matekinoroji akadai se5G, hungwaru hwekunyepedzera, mota nyowani dzesimba, uye data hombe, ma chip resistors anofambisa kusimudzira kuburikidza neakadzika maapplication, ane matete uye akareruka emagetsi evatengi senzvimbo huru yekushandisa, inoverengera 44% ye musika, uye dzimwe nzvimbo huru dzinosanganisira zvemagetsi zvevatengi, mota, kutaurirana, maindasitiri nemauto.chip resistors musika saizi kubva 2016 kusvika 2020 yakawedzera zvishoma kubva pamadhora 1.5 bhiriyoni kusvika kune inodarika USD 1.7 bhiriyoni, uye yepasi rose chip resistor musika saizi inotarisirwa kusvika pamadhora mazana maviri nemazana mana emadhora muna 2027.
Parizvino, makambani eUS neJapan anotonga yepamusoro-yekupedzisira chip resistor musika, asi kuwedzera kuderera hakuna kukwana.Makambani eUS neJapan anotarisa pane zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, achitarisa nzira dzakatetepa dzemafirimu, senge US Vishay ndiyo yakakura kugadzira yekupikisa-yakakwirira kuramba, nepo Japan iine huwandu hukuru mumunda we0201 uye 0402 mhando dzemhando yepamusoro. zvigadzirwa.Taiwan's Kokusai ine 34% chikamu chepasi rose chip resistor musika, ine mwedzi unobuda inosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu emayuniti.
Mainland China ine yakakura chip resistor musika ine chikamu chidiki chemakambani emuno.Musika weChina unovimba nemabatiro akabatana uye kunze kwenyika kwakakwira, uye vagadziri vanopikisa vanonyanya mabhizinesi ehurumende anoshandurwa kuita makambani akabatana-stock, akadai seFenghua Hi-Tech neNorth Huachuang, izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kuumba chinzvimbo chinotungamira mune chip resistor. indasitiri, zvichikonzera iyo yese yepamba chip resistor indasitiri cheni yakakura asi isina kusimba.
4, Yakadhindwa Circuit Board Indasitiri
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekutaurirana, kudiwa kwemabhodhi akapfava muPCB kwave kuramba kuchiwedzera, semuenzaniso, kudiwa kwemabhodhi akapfava muApple nharembozha kwawedzera kubva pazvidimbu gumi nenhatu muchizvarwa chechishanu kusvika pazvidimbu makumi matatu izvozvi, uye chiyero. yepasi rose PCB indasitiri inotarisirwa kusvika $79.2 bhiriyoni muna 2025. China's PCB musika mugove kwemakore akawanda wepasi rose chikamu chekutanga, 2025 inotarisirwa kudarika $ 41.8 bhiriyoni, musanganiswa wekukura mwero we6%, ichipfuura avhareji yepasi rose kukura. rate.
Mumusika weChina wakadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi, varapi vakuru vakakamurwa kuita yakakwirira, yepakati uye yakaderera matatu nhanho, iyo yakakwirira-yekupedzisira munda kune kunze kwenyika mari, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mashoma mabhizinesi eChinese mabhizinesi anotonga, mazhinji emabhizinesi epamba muguta guru uye tekinoroji. kushata, kunyanya kutariswa kune yakaderera-magumo zvigadzirwa nzvimbo.
Zvinoenderana neyakagovaniswa yemusika kuumbwa kwemabhizinesi inogona kuoneka, iyo musika kusungirirwa kweChina yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi indasitiri yakaderera, yakawedzera zvishoma mumakore achangopfuura.2020 China yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi indasitiri CR5 ingangoita 34.46%, zvichienzaniswa ne2019 yakawedzera ne2.17 muzana mapoinzi;CR10 ingangoita 50.71%, zvichienzaniswa ne2019 yakawedzera ne1.88 muzana.
5, Electronic carrier indasitiri
Kuvandudzwa kwezvemagetsi evatengi mushure mekuzivikanwa kwe5G, kuvandudzwa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira uye kukurumidza kusimudzira mota dzemagetsi kuchasimudzira kukura kwemagetsi anotakura tepi kudiwa kwemusika, uye kudiwa kwemusika wepasi rose wekutakura tepi kunotarisirwa kukura ne4.1% gore-ne-gore kusvika 36.75 bhiriyoni m muna 2021. iyo pepa inotakura tepi musika inodiwa muChina ichakura ne10.04% gore-pa-gore kusvika 19.361 bhiriyoni m mu2022.
Yemagetsi inotakura tepi ndeyemusika niche, ine yemagetsi zvikamu musika kuunza kuwedzera kwemagetsi anotakura tepi kudiwa kwemusika, yepasirese uye yeChina yemagetsi inotakura tepi musika saizi yakagadzikana inokwira.Zvinotarisirwa kuti muna 2021 saizi yemusika wepasi rose inotakura mapepa ichakura ne4.2% gore-pa-gore kusvika 2.76 bhiriyoni yeyuan, uye muna 2022 saizi yemusika weChina wekutakura mapepa inokura ne12% gore-pa-gore kusvika 1.452 bhiriyoni. yuan.
Chinese, Japanese, Korean nedzimwe nyika mabhizinesi ndiwo anotora chikamu chikuru chemusika wepasi rose.Pakati pavo, mabhizinesi eJapan akatanga kare uye ane tekinoroji inotungamira;Mabhizinesi eSouth Korea akakura nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura uye kutengesa kune dzimwe nyika kwakaramba kuchikura;mabhizinesi ekugadzira akanakisa akabuda mushure meimwe muChina neTaiwan, uye nhanho yavo yemakwikwi iri kuswedera zvishoma nezvishoma nekupfuura mabhizinesi eJapan neKorea mune zvimwe zvinhu.Chikamu cheJMSC chemusika wepasi rose wekutakura tepi chinosvika 47% muna 2020.
Iyo indasitiri yakatetepa inotakura tepi ine chipingamupinyi chakakwirira chekupinda uye makwikwi emumba haana hukasha.Kubva 2018, JEMSTEC ine anopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana emumba anotakura mapepa tepi musika uye anenge asina vakwikwidzi vemunharaunda, asi ine simba shoma rekutaurirana kune vatengesi vari kumusoro uye imwe nzvimbo yekutengeserana yevatengi vezasi uye haisi kutyisidzirwa nyore nevanogona kupinda uye vanotsiva.
6, Electronics ceramics kugadzira indasitiri
Electronic ceramics neMLCC indasitiri inotungamirwa nezviri pachena.MLCC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi evatengi, kufambiswa kwemashoko, emagetsi emotokari, midziyo yemumba nemimwe minda, saizi yemusika iripo inodarika bhiriyoni zana, remangwana rinotarisirwa kuchengetedza huwandu hwegore hwekukura hwe10% kusvika 15%, kutyaira indasitiri yemagetsi ceramics kuita chikamu chekusimudzira nekukurumidza.
Mumakore achangopfuura, saizi yemusika weChina yemagetsi ceramics kuti ichengetedze huwandu hwekukura kwe13% kana kupfuura, inotarisirwa kusvika 114.54 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2023, nzvimbo yakafara yekutsiva mudzimba.Domestic electronic paste inowana kuzivikanwa kwemutengi kuwedzera chiyero chemusika wenzvimbo;Domestic ceramic cleaver iri kutyora mhiri kwemakungwa monopoly mamiriro, inotarisirwa kuwana nekukurumidza vhoriyamu;Zvichakadaro, iyo yemba mafuta sero diaphragm ndiro musimboti tekinoroji mukana wakaratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Japan, United States neEurope inotungamira indasitiri yepasi rose yemagetsi ceramics, ichigara mumusika wepamusoro.Japan, ine mabhenefiti ezvakasiyana siyana zvemagetsi ceramic zvinhu, kugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye tekinoroji yakanaka, inotora 50% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose, ichiteverwa neUnited States neEurope, zvichiteerana, ichitora 30% uye 10% yemugove wemusika.Japan SaKai mumusika wepasi rose we28%, iri pachinzvimbo chekutanga, kambani yeUS Ferro uye zvakare kubva kuJapan NCI iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri nechitatu.
Nekuda kweiyo yepamusoro michina uye tekinoroji zvinodiwa zvipingamupinyi, uye China yemagetsi Ceramics indasitiri yakatanga kunonoka, mudzimba vagadziri mune tekinoroji, tekinoroji, ukoshi-akawedzera kupfuura ekunze anozivikanwa bhizinesi gaka riri pachena, zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinonyanya kuiswa mune yakaderera-kuguma chigadzirwa. area.Ramangwana rine chirongwa chenyika R & D, musika capital investimendi, application mamiriro ekuwedzera, iripo bhizinesi tekinoroji kuunganidza uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakanaka zvinhu, zvichabatsira mabhizinesi eChina kuti ashanduke zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda kugwara remaindasitiri akanyanya kurongeka.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-21-2022